📘 MongoDB Security Configuration

This guide covers essential security configurations for MongoDB deployments. Learn how to secure your databases using best practices for both Atlas and On-premises installations.

Network Security

MongoDB Atlas

IP Access List

Control which IP addresses can connect to your cluster:

// Using Atlas CLI
atlas accessLists create --currentIp
atlas accessLists create --ip "203.0.113.0/24"

Importance: Restricting access to known IP addresses prevents unauthorized connections and reduces the risk of external attacks.

Private Endpoints

Set up AWS PrivateLink:

// Create private endpoint
atlas privateEndpoints aws create --region us-east-1 --projectId 5e2211c17a3e5a48f5497de3 --output json

Importance: Private endpoints ensure that traffic between your application and MongoDB Atlas remains within your private network, enhancing security and reducing exposure to the public internet.

Network Peering

// Set up VPC peering
atlas networking peering create aws --accountId 854333054055 --atlasCidrBlock 192.168.0.0/24 --region us-east-1 --routeTableCidrBlock 10.0.0.0/24 --vpcId vpc-078ac381aa90e1e63

Importance: Network peering allows you to connect your VPC to MongoDB Atlas's VPC, providing a secure and private connection without traversing the public internet.

On-Premises

Firewall Configuration

Configure iptables rules:

# Allow MongoDB port
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 27017 -j ACCEPT

# Allow specific IP ranges
iptables -A INPUT -s 203.0.113.0/24 -p tcp --dport 27017 -j ACCEPT

Network Binding

Configure mongod.conf:

net:
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,192.168.1.7
  port: 27017

VPN Access

Set up OpenVPN server:

# Install OpenVPN
apt-get install openvpn

# Configure client certificates
./easyrsa build-client-full mongodb-client

Encryption Configuration

MongoDB Atlas

Encryption at Rest

Atlas automatically encrypts all data using:

• AWS: AWS KMS
• Azure: Azure Key Vault
• GCP: Cloud KMS

Importance: Encryption at rest protects your data from unauthorized access if the storage media is compromised.

On-Premises

Encryption at Rest

Configure mongod.conf:

security:
  enableEncryption: true
  encryptionKeyFile: /path/to/key.txt

Generate encryption key:

openssl rand -base64 32 > /path/to/key.txt
chmod 600 /path/to/key.txt

Importance: Encryption at rest protects your data from unauthorized access if the storage media is compromised.

Transport Encryption (TLS/SSL)

net:
  tls:
    mode: requireTLS
    certificateKeyFile: /path/to/mongodb.pem
    CAFile: /path/to/ca.pem

Importance: Transport encryption ensures that data transmitted between clients and the database server is encrypted, preventing eavesdropping and tampering.

Best Practices

MongoDB Atlas

1. Network Security

   • Use private endpoints where possible
   • Regularly review IP access lists
   • Implement VPC peering

2. Access Management

   • Follow principle of least privilege
   • Regular credential rotation
   • Use strong authentication methods

3. Monitoring and Alerts

   • Set up alerts for security events
   • Monitor access patterns
   • Review audit logs regularly

On-Premises

1. System Security

   • Regular system updates
   • Security patch management
   • Resource limits configuration

2. Network Security

   • Configure firewalls
   • Set up VPN access
   • Implement network segmentation

3. Monitoring

   • Regular security audits
   • Log monitoring and analysis
   • Performance monitoring

Next Steps

Let's start the network access control challenge.